Flashcards in PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTER 1 Deck (97)
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1
PHASES OF DRUG USAGE
– noxious plant and animal preparations were used as medicines to rid of evil spirits
Earliest/First Phase
2
PHASES OF DRUG USAGE
– rational or scientific phase
Third Phase
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PHASES OF DRUG USAGE
– experience enabled people to use appropriate medicine
Second Phase
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-concerned with the processes that determine the concentration of drugs in body fluids and tissues over time
-what the body does to the drug
1. PHARMACOKINETICS
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-study of the actions of drugs on target organs
-what the drug does to the body
2. PHARMACODYNAMICS
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– relationship between the concentration of a drug in a tissue and the magnitude of the tissue’s response to that of a drug
Dose-response relationship
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a process wherein drugs produce their effects by binding to protein receptors in target tissues
Signal Transduction –
8
- study of poisons and organ toxicity
-focuses on the harmful effects of drugs
TOXICOLOGY –
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– medical science concerned with the use of drugs in the treatment of disease
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
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PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS is also known as
Medical Pharmacology
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science and profession concerned with the preparation, storage, dispensing, and proper use of drug products
PHARMACY –
12
study of drugs isolated from natural resources
PHARMACOGNOSY –
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– branch of organic chemistry that specializes in the design and chemical synthesis of drugs
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
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formulation and chemical properties of pharmaceutical products
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY or PHARMACEUTICS –
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a natural product, a chemical substance or pharmaceutical preparation intended for administration to a human or animal to diagnose or treat a disease
drug
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drug is from the french word
drogue
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drogue mean
dried herbs for cooking
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other terms for drug
medication and medicament
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a drug produced outside the body, either synthetic or natural
Xenobiotic –
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relationship among the drug molecule, its target receptor and resulting pharmacologic activity
Structure-activity relationship –
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made by drying or pulverizing a plant or animal tissue, extracting substances from a natural product
-difficult to quantify pharmacologic effects of crude drug preparations because: a) they contain multiple ingredients b) amounts vary
crude drug preparation
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ex of crude drug preparation
coffee, tea, opium
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drug preparation
isolation of pure drug compounds from natural sources
Pure drug compounds
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type of drug preparation
– drug products suitable for administration of a specific dose of a drug by a particular route of administration
-most are from pure drug compounds, some from crude drug preparations (herbal remedies)
Pharmaceutical preparations or dosage forms
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most common preparations for oral administration because:
tablets & capsules
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– a hard pill (from a punch and die mechanism)
-must disintegrate after it has been ingested, then must dissolve in gastrointestinal fluids
Tablets
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Inert Ingredients (4)
• Fillers – provide bulk
• Lubricants – prevent sticking to the punch and die during manufactire
• Adhesives – maintain tablet stability in the bottle
• Disintegrants – facilitate solubilization of the tablet when it reaches gastrointestinal fluids
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– consist of polymers that will not disintegrate in gastric acid but will break down in more basic ph of the intestines
-used to protect drugs that would otherwise be destroyed by gastric acid a
-used to slow the release and absorption of a drug when a large dose is given at once
Enteric coatings
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– release the drug from the preparation over many hours.
*Sustained release products/ extended-release products
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