Flashcards in PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTER 1 Deck (97)
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1
PHASES OF DRUG USAGE
– noxious plant and animal preparations were used as medicines to rid of evil spirits
Earliest/First Phase
2
PHASES OF DRUG USAGE
– rational or scientific phase
Third Phase
3
PHASES OF DRUG USAGE
– experience enabled people to use appropriate medicine
Second Phase
4
-concerned with the processes that determine the concentration of drugs in body fluids and tissues over time
-what the body does to the drug
1. PHARMACOKINETICS
5
-study of the actions of drugs on target organs
-what the drug does to the body
2. PHARMACODYNAMICS
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– relationship between the concentration of a drug in a tissue and the magnitude of the tissue’s response to that of a drug
Dose-response relationship
7
a process wherein drugs produce their effects by binding to protein receptors in target tissues
Signal Transduction –
8
- study of poisons and organ toxicity
-focuses on the harmful effects of drugs
TOXICOLOGY –
9
– medical science concerned with the use of drugs in the treatment of disease
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
10
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS is also known as
Medical Pharmacology
11
science and profession concerned with the preparation, storage, dispensing, and proper use of drug products
PHARMACY –
12
study of drugs isolated from natural resources
PHARMACOGNOSY –
13
– branch of organic chemistry that specializes in the design and chemical synthesis of drugs
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
14
formulation and chemical properties of pharmaceutical products
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY or PHARMACEUTICS –
15
a natural product, a chemical substance or pharmaceutical preparation intended for administration to a human or animal to diagnose or treat a disease
drug
16
drug is from the french word
drogue
17
drogue mean
dried herbs for cooking
18
other terms for drug
medication and medicament
19
a drug produced outside the body, either synthetic or natural
Xenobiotic –
20
relationship among the drug molecule, its target receptor and resulting pharmacologic activity
Structure-activity relationship –
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made by drying or pulverizing a plant or animal tissue, extracting substances from a natural product
-difficult to quantify pharmacologic effects of crude drug preparations because: a) they contain multiple ingredients b) amounts vary
crude drug preparation
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ex of crude drug preparation
coffee, tea, opium
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drug preparation
isolation of pure drug compounds from natural sources
Pure drug compounds
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type of drug preparation
– drug products suitable for administration of a specific dose of a drug by a particular route of administration
-most are from pure drug compounds, some from crude drug preparations (herbal remedies)
Pharmaceutical preparations or dosage forms
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most common preparations for oral administration because:
tablets & capsules
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– a hard pill (from a punch and die mechanism)
-must disintegrate after it has been ingested, then must dissolve in gastrointestinal fluids
Tablets
27
Inert Ingredients (4)
• Fillers – provide bulk
• Lubricants – prevent sticking to the punch and die during manufactire
• Adhesives – maintain tablet stability in the bottle
• Disintegrants – facilitate solubilization of the tablet when it reaches gastrointestinal fluids
28
– consist of polymers that will not disintegrate in gastric acid but will break down in more basic ph of the intestines
-used to protect drugs that would otherwise be destroyed by gastric acid a
-used to slow the release and absorption of a drug when a large dose is given at once
Enteric coatings
29
– release the drug from the preparation over many hours.
*Sustained release products/ extended-release products
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