MYCOVIRO - Chapter 59

Question 1

always unicellular

Answer 1

protozoa

Question 2

may be unicellular or multicellular

Answer 2

fungi

algae

Question 3

always multicellular

Answer 3

helminths (have unicellular egg or larval forms)

Question 4

outermost boundary that comes into direct contact with the environment

Answer 4

Glycocalyx

Question 5

glycocalyx usually composed of

Answer 5

polysaccharides

Question 6

Appears as a network of fibers, a slime layer, or a capsule

Answer 6

The Glycocalyx

Question 7

functions of glycocalyx

Answer 7

Protection
Adhesion
Reception of signals

Question 8

The layer beneath the glycocalyx varies among eukaryotes

Fungi and most algae (Describe cell wall)

Answer 8

thick, rigid cell wall

Question 9

The layer beneath the glycocalyx varies among eukaryotes

protozoa and animal cells (Describe cell wall)

Answer 9

do not have this cell wall

Question 10

Rigid
Provide support and shape
Different chemically from prokaryotic cell walls

Answer 10

cell wall

Question 11

cell wall function

Answer 11

Provide support and shape

Question 12

fungi cell wall inner layer (Describe)

Answer 12

Thick, inner layer of chitin or cellulose

Question 13

fungi cell wall outer layer (Describe)

Answer 13

Thin outer layer of mixed glycans

Question 14

cell wall of this organism is Varied in chemical composition

Answer 14

algae

Question 15

composition of algae cell wall (4)

Answer 15

May contain cellulose, pectin, mannans, and minerals

Question 16

Bilayer of phospholipids with protein molecules embedded

Answer 16

Cytoplasmic Membrane

Question 17

Cytoplasmic Membrane

contains __

Answer 17

sterols

Question 18

component of cytoplasmic membrane
Gives stability
Especially important in cells without a cell wall

Answer 18

sterol

Question 19

Some scattered in the cytoplasm and cytoskeleton

Others associated with RER

Answer 19

ribosomes

Question 20

Composed of large and small subunits of ribonucleoprotein

Answer 20

ribosomes

Question 21

2 types of microscopic fungi

Answer 21

yeast and mold

Question 22

types of microscopic fungi
Round oval shape
Unique mode of asexual reproduction

Answer 22

yeast

Question 23

types of microscopic fungi

Long, threadlike cells

Answer 23

mold

Question 24

General method of obtaining nutrition

4

Answer 24

Penetrates the substrate
Secretes enzymes
Breaks down the enzymes into small molecules
Absorbs the molecules

Question 25

the woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of a mold

Answer 25

Mycelium-

Question 26

Unique organizational features of hyphae | divide the hyphae in to segments (most fungi- septate hyphae)

Answer 26

Septa

Question 27

Unique organizational features of hyphae | one long, continuous cell

Answer 27

Nonseptate hyphae-

Question 28

visible mass of growth on the substrate surface; penetrates the substrate to digest and absorb nutrients

Answer 28

Vegetative hyphae (mycelia)-

Question 29

from vegetative hyphae; responsible for the production of spores

Answer 29

Reproductive (fertile) hyphae-

Question 30

functions of hyphae

Answer 30

vegetative and reproductive

Question 31

Function of spores

Answer 31

Multiplication Survival Producing genetic variation Dissemination

Question 32

Primary reproductive mode

Answer 32

- the production of spores

Question 33

asexual spore Formed by successive cleavages within the sporangium Sporangium attached to the sporangiophore Released when the sporangium ruptures

Answer 33

Sporangiospores

Question 34

Aka conidia Free spores Develop either by pinching off the tip of fertile hypha or by segmentation of a vegetative hypha

Answer 34

conidiospores

Question 35

type of spore Increases genetic variation Majority of fungi produce sexual spores at some point

Answer 35

Sexual Spores

Question 36

Other characteristics that contribute to identification

Answer 36

Hyphal type Colony texture and pigmentation Physiological characteristics Genetic makeup

Question 37

Human infection by pathogenic fungi usually occurs through ???

Answer 37

accidental contact

Question 38

Humans are generally resistant to fungal infection, except for two main types ??

Answer 38

Primary pathogens | Opportunistic pathogens

Question 39

Mycoses vary in (2)

Answer 39

the way the agent enters the body and the degree of tissue involvement

Question 40

Benefits of fungi

Answer 40

Decomposing organic matter and returning essential minerals to the soil Mycorrhizae increase the ability of plant roots to absorb water and nutrients

Question 41

increase the ability of plant roots to absorb water and nutrients

Answer 41

Mycorrhizae

Question 42

fungi is used for the production of: (4)

Answer 42

Antibiotics Alcohol Organic acids Vitamins

Question 43

fungi Acquire nutrients from ___

Answer 43

substrates

Question 44

Most fungi are saprobes | but Can also be ___

Answer 44

parasites

Question 45

most fungi Most can propagate by (2)

Answer 45

growth of hyphae or fragmentation