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From Flashcardlet > 4.19 path chd > Flashcards

4.19 path chd Flashcards

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0
Q

What is associated with a cleft anterior mitral valve

A

Primum ASD

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1
Q

3 types of ASDs and which one most common

A

Primum - near AV valve (cleft anterior mitral valve)
* Secundum - open fossa ovalis
Sinus Venosus - near SVC (often with R pulm vv connecting to SVC or RA)

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2
Q

What is associated with R Pulm veins connecting to SVC or RA

A

Sinus venosus ASD

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3
Q

Most common cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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4
Q

Flow and pressure defect

A

VSD

PDA

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5
Q

Just flow problem

A

ASD

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6
Q

Which VSD does not spontaneously close and therefore needs surgery

A

Membranous VSD

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7
Q

Open heart surgery thru RA, surgeon needs to watch out for AV node and His bundle

A

VSD

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8
Q

Which VSD type is more common?

A

Membranous (also is the one that needs surgery)

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9
Q

Large VSDs always lead to

A

Irreversible pulmonary HTN

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10
Q

Machine like murmur

A

PDA

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11
Q

Associated with prematurity and hypoxemia

A

PDA

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12
Q

Med to close PDA

A

Indomethacin

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13
Q

Med to keep PDA open

A

Prostaglandin E

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14
Q

Associate with down’s

A

[complete] Atrioventricular septal defect (also called endocardium cushion defect)

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15
Q

When superior and inferior endocardial cushions fail to fuse

A

Atrioventricular septal defect

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16
Q

Inadequate formation of mitral and tricuspid valves

A

Atrioventricular septal defect

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17
Q

Volume hypertrophy in all 4 chambers

A

Complete atrioventricular septal defect

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18
Q

Describe partial AVSD

A

Primum ASD with cleft anterior mitral leaflet

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19
Q

Low AV valve and high aortic valve

A

AVSD

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20
Q

Non cyanotic

A

Left to right shunts

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21
Q

Cyanotic

A

Right to left shunts

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22
Q

Leads to clubbing of fingers, polycythemia, and risk of cerebral thrombosis

A

Right to left shunts

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23
Q

4 features of TOF

A

VSD
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
RVH

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24
Difficult feeding, can't gain weight
TOF
25
Tet spells
TOF
26
Squatting helps reversal of shunt
TOF
27
Boot shaped heart
TOF
28
Right aortic arch (25%)
TOF
29
When do you get pink tetralogy
Mild pulmonary stenosis
30
Stable vs unstable PDA
Stable: with VSD Unstable: with PFO or PDA (will most likely close)
31
RVH and atrophic LV
Transposition of the great arteries
32
Single outflow tract from the heart
Truncus arteriosus
33
Hypoplastic RV
Tricuspid atresia
34
From unequal division of the AV canal
Tricuspid atresia
35
Tricuspid atresia needs what shunts
VSD and ASD or PFO
36
No pulmonary veins join left atrium
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
37
In total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, where do the pulmonary veins drain
Left brachiocephalic vein or coronary sinus
38
Requires PFO or ASD for oxygenated blood to enter LA
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
39
Results in RA and RV volume and pressure hypertrophy and cyanosis
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
40
Constriction of the aorta distal to left subclavian artery
Coarctation of the aorta
41
3 types of coarctation of the aorta
Preductal / infantile Postductal / adult Juxtaductal
42
Associated with a bicuspid aortic valve
Coarctation of the aorta
43
Seen twice as often in males
Coarctation of the aorta
44
Associated with turners
Coarctation of the aorta
45
Seen with circle of Willis berry aneurysms
Coarctation of the aorta
46
Lower body cyanosis
Preductal/Infantile coarctation of the aorta
47
Low BP in lower extremities and high BP in upper extremities
Adult/postductal coarctation of the aorta
48
Enlarged intercostal and internal mammary arteries
Adult/postductal Coarctation of the aorta
49
Notching of ribs on X ray
Adult/postductal coarctation of the aorta
50
Systolic murmur
Coarctation of the aorta
51
3 types of pulmonary stenosis/atresia
Valvular stenosis Subvalvular stenosis Complete pulmonary atresia
52
RVH with post stenosis dilatation of pulmonary artery
Valvular pulmonary stenosis
53
No pulmonary HTN, pulmonary trunk not dilated and may be hypo plastic
Subvalar pulmonary stenosis
54
Hypoplastic RV, and blood flows to lung by shunts because of pulmonic valve issue
Pulmonary atresia
55
Treated in same way as bicuspid aortic valve
Aortic stenosis
56
2 most common causes /types of valvular aortic stenosis
Senile calcification of 3 cusp valve | Premature calcification of bicuspid valve
57
Treatment for valvular aortic stenosis
Surgical replacement
58
Causes of sub aortic stenosis
``` Congenital (thick endocardial tissue below cusp) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (thick septum) ```
59
Caused by mutation in elastin gene
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
60
Dilation then sclerosis of coronary ostia due to constriction
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
61
Really long L main coronary a
Aortic atresia
62
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Aortic atresia
63
Also called hypo plastic left heart syndrome
Aortic atresia
64
How to treat septal defects
Patch graft (open heart surgery or cath)
65
Treat transposition of great vessels
Cut, switch, reattach
66
Treat PDA
Excise, construct, re anastamose
67
What chromosomes associated with CHD
Trisomy 13,15,18,21 | Turner syndrome
68
Turners usually have what TYPE of defect (LR,RL,obstruction)
Obstruction
69
What microdeletion causes CHD
Microdeletion of 22q11 - velocardiofacial syndrome, diGeorge syndrome
70
Chronisome 22 involved with development of
Conotruncus Branchial arches Face Neural crest migration
71
22q11 deletion associated with what TYPE of CHD
Outflow tract disorders
72
Abnormal neural crest migration might cause
Interruption of aortic arch Persistent Truncus arteriosus TOF Double outlet right ventricle (both pulmonary trunk and aorta from RV)
73
TBX5 mutation
ASD VSD Holt-Oram syndrome with heart, arm, hand defects
74
NKX2-5 heterozygous
Isolated ASD
75
ASD caused by what genetic mutation
TBX5 or NKX2-5
76
VSD caused by what mutation
TBX5
77
Environmental causes
Rubella Diabetes Alcohol Solvent exposure
78
Maternal rubella causes
PDA
79
Maternal diabetes most commonly causes
Transposition of the great arteries
80
Maternal alcohol use most commonly causes
ASD

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