6.28/29 Blood and Tissue Parasites Flashcards by Lu Chen

Q

definitive host: Ixodes tick

A

Babesia microti (sporozoan)

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Q

Immunocompetent asymptomatic or flu-like

A

Babesia microti (sporozoan)

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Q

Splenectomized get headache, fatigue, chills, hemolytic anemia

A

Babesia microti (sporozoan)

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Q

NE US, Missouri

A

Babesia microti (sporozoan)

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Q

Small rings inside blood cell

A

Babesia microti (sporozoan)

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Q

Maltese cross formation

A

Babesia microti (sporozoan)

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Q

Definitive host: cat

A

Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan)

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Q

tachyzoite and bradyzoite

A

Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan)

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Q

ingest bradyzoites in undercooked meat

A

Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan)

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Q

tachyzoites cross placenta

A

Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan)

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Q

Immunocompetent usually asymptomatic, maybe mono-like symptoms

A

Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan)

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Q

Immunocompromised may get encephalitis

A

Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan)

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Q

IgM titer

A

Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan)

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Q

Can detect tachyzoites in CT or MRI

A

Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoan)

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Q

Intermediate host is phlebotomies (sandfly)

A

Leishmania (flagellate)

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Q

amastigote ingested by macrophage

A

Leishmania (flagellate)

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Q

promastigote is injected during blood meal

A

Leishmania (flagellate)

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Q

causes dry or moist lesions in cutaneous form

A

Leishmania (flagellate)

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Q

splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in visceral form

A

Leishmania (flagellate)

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Q

everywhere but US

A

Leishmania (flagellate)

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Q

2 small dots

A

Leishmania (flagellate)

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Q

biopsy skin, bone marrow, or lymph node for diagnosis

A

Leishmania (flagellate)

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Q

Intermediate host is reduviid bug

A

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) “Chagas disease”

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Q

Chagoma / chancre at site of bite

A

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) “Chagas disease”

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Romana's sign (unilateral face swelling)

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) "Chagas disease"

trypomastigote released in feces as bug takes blood meal

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) "Chagas disease"

megacolon and megaesophagus

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) "Chagas disease"

destroy ganglia of autonomic NS

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) "Chagas disease"

chronic heart disease

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) "Chagas disease"

South and central America, maybe southern US

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) "Chagas disease"

C-shaped trypomastigotes in blood

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate) "Chagas disease"

Intermediate host is tsetse fly

Trypanosoma brucei (flagellate) "African sleeping sickness"

trypomastigote into human during blood meal

Trypanosoma brucei (flagellate) "African sleeping sickness"

swollen postcervical lymph nodes (Winterbottom's sign)

Trypanosoma brucei (flagellate) "African sleeping sickness"

meningitis later on in disease

Trypanosoma brucei (flagellate) "African sleeping sickness"

equatorial africa

``` Trypanosoma brucei (flagellate) "African sleeping sickness" Onchocerca volvulus (nematode) "River blindness" ```

wavy trypomastigote in blood or CSF

Trypanosoma brucei (flagellate) "African sleeping sickness"

Intermediate host: anopheles, Culex, or Aedes mosquitoes

Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi (nematodes) "lymphatic filariasis" -> "elephantiasis"

Adults in lymphatics

Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi (nematodes) "lymphatic filariasis" -> "elephantiasis"

microfilariae in blood

Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi (nematodes) "lymphatic filariasis" -> "elephantiasis"

inflamed lymphatics and lymph nodes

Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi (nematodes) "lymphatic filariasis" -> "elephantiasis"

tropical areas

Wuchereria bancrofti (nematode) "lymphatic filariasis" -> "elephantiasis"

asia and south pacific

Brugia malayi (nematode) "lymphatic filariasis" -> "elephantiasis"

detect microfilariae in blood smears at night

Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi (nematodes) "lymphatic filariasis" -> "elephantiasis"

no tail tip nuclei

Wuchereria bancrofti

2 nuclei near tail tip

Brugia malayi

Intermediate host: Simulium fly (black fly)

Onchocerca volvulus (nematode) "Onchocerciasis" or "river blindness"

fast moving waters

Onchocerca volvulus (nematode) "Onchocerciasis" or "river blindness"

adult worms in subcutaneous nodules

``` Onchocerca volvulus (nematode) "Onchocerciasis" or "river blindness" Taenia solium (tapeworm) "cysticercosis" ```

microfilariae in skin snip

Onchocerca volvulus (nematode) "Onchocerciasis" or "river blindness"

blindness from microfilariae

Onchocerca volvulus (nematode) "Onchocerciasis" or "river blindness"

chronic dermatitis

Onchocerca volvulus (nematode) "Onchocerciasis" or "river blindness"

normally eggs to pig (larva) to humans (adult)

Taenia solium (tapeworm) "Cysticercosis"

humans accidentally become intermediate host

Taenia solium (tapeworm) "Cysticercosis"

dog then sheep (liver) then dog

Echinococcus granulosus (tapeworm) "Echinococcosis"

enlarged liver w/ hydatid cyst

Echinococcus granulosus (tapeworm) "Echinococcosis"

separate male and females

Schistosoma mansoni & haematobium (trematodes) "Schistosomiasis" "Katayama fever"

transmitted by cercariae

Schistosoma mansoni & haematobium (trematodes) "Schistosomiasis" "Katayama fever"

typhoid-fever like symptoms

Schistosoma mansoni (trematode) "Schistosomiasis" "Katayama fever"

symptoms are due to immune reaction against eggs

Schistosoma mansoni (trematode) "Schistosomiasis" "Katayama fever"

eggs with lateral spine

Schistosoma mansoni (trematode) "Schistosomiasis" "Katayama fever"

painful urination, hemturia, bladder cancer

Schistosoma haematobium (trematode) "Schistosomiasis" "Katayama fever"

Africa and middle east

Schistosoma haematobium (trematode) "Schistosomiasis" "Katayama fever"

eggs with terminal spine

Schistosoma haematobium (trematode) "Schistosomiasis" "Katayama fever"

causes Chagas disease

Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellate)

causes African sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma brucei (flagellate)

causes lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis

Wucereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi (nematodes)

causes River blindness

Onchocerca volvulus (nematode)

causes Katayama fever

Schistosoma mansoni & haematobium (trematodes)