Spinal Nerves

Question 0

What are the 2 types of ganglia

Answer 0

Sensory

Autonomic

Question 1

The DRG is also called

Answer 1

Spinal ganglion
Posterior root ganglion
Sensory ganglion

Question 2

Connective tissues around nerves

Answer 2

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

Question 3

Blood vessel that supplies nerves

Answer 3

Vasa nervorum

Question 4

What would happen if you constrict the vasa nervorum?

Answer 4

Same thing as cutting nerve

Question 5

A bundle of nerve fibers is called a

Answer 5

Fascicles

Question 6

Classify nerves based on exit

Answer 6

Cranial

Spinal

Question 7

Classify nerve fibers based on function

Answer 7

Motor

Sensory

Question 8

Classify nerve fibers based on destination

Answer 8

Somatic / parietal

Visceral / splanchnic

Question 9

Classify nerves based on single vs multiple spinal cord segments

Answer 9

Segmental / typical

Peripheral

Question 10

Spinal nerves exit spine via

Answer 10

Intervertebral foramen

Question 11

The accessory nerve innervates

Answer 11

Trapezius

SCM

Question 12

The accessory nerve is unique because

Answer 12

It’s the only cranial nerve that doesn’t arise from the brain

Question 13

vertebrae, movable vertebrae, and spinal nerves

Answer 13

33 vertebrae (7,12,5,5,4)
24 movable
31 spinal nerves (8,12,5,5,1)

Question 14

The segmental nerves arise from which spinal levels?

Answer 14

T2-12

Question 15

Selective cutting of posterior nerve roots to relieve severe pain is called

Answer 15

Dorsal rhizotomy

Question 16

What does the posterior ramus innervate/supply?

Answer 16

Deep/intrinsic/epaxial muscles of back
Skin over the deep muscles of the back
Zygapophysial (facet) joints of spine

Question 17

What does the anterior ramus supply/innervate?

Answer 17

Skin and muscles of…

• neck
• trunk
• limbs

Question 18

Motor nerves are made up of what kind of neurons?

Answer 18

Multipolar

Question 19

The muscular branch of anterior ramus turns into

Answer 19

Lateral and anterior cutaneous branch

Question 20

Sensory nerves are made up of what neurons

Answer 20

Pseudounipolar

Question 21

Sensory comes in via which root?

Answer 21

Posterior/dorsal

Question 22

Motor comes out via which root?

Answer 22

Ventral/motor

Question 23

Nerve classified based on both destination and function

Answer 23

Somatic motor
Visceral motor
General sensory
Visceral sensory

Question 24

The autonomic NS is also categorized as

Answer 24

Visceral motor

Question 25

Difference between somatic (voluntary) motor and visceral (involuntary) motor

Answer 25

Somatic has 1 neuron | Visceral has 2 neurons

Question 26

The postsynaptic neuron cell body of an autonomic nerve is in

Answer 26

An autonomic ganglion

Question 27

The ANS postsynaptic neuron synapses on

Answer 27

Smooth muscle Modified cardiac muscle Glands

Question 28

Autonomic nerve plexuses are composed of what nerve fibers?

Answer 28

Visceral motor | Visceral sensory

Question 29

Which part of the ANS has a lateral horn, and what vertebral levels do you find a lateral horn?

Answer 29

Sympathetic | T1-L2/3

Question 30

Location of presynaptic nerve cell bodies in the ANS

Answer 30

Cranial: gray matter of brain in CN 3,7,9,10 Thoracolumbar: T1-L2/3 spinal cord Sacral: S2-4 spinal cord

Question 31

Length of presynaptic fibers of ANS

Answer 31

Sympathetic short presynaptic | Parasympathetic long

Question 32

Pharmacological differences in ANS

Answer 32

Sympathetic: ACh, NE! Parasympathetic: ACh, ACh! * exception: sweat glands are sympathetic but use ACh as postsynaptic NT

Question 33

Where are the cell bodies of presynaptic sympathetic neurons located?

Answer 33

Intermediolateral cell column T1-L2/3

Question 34

Course of presynaptic neurons in sympathetic NS

Answer 34

``` IML Anterior root Mixed spinal nerve White rami communicantes (T1-L2/3) Sympathetic trunk / chain ```

Question 35

4 options that the presynaptic sympathetic neurons have once reach sympathetic trunk

Answer 35

Ascend then synapse Synapse Descend then synapse Pass through without subsiding to enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 36

2 paths for postsynaptic sympathetics

Answer 36

Gray rami communicantes (to spinal nerves) Cephalic arterial rami (to periarterial plexuses to carotid arteries)

Question 37

The cephalic arterial rami produce what actions?

Answer 37

Vasomotion Sudomotion Pilomotion

Question 38

What does Horner's syndrome tell us and what are the symptoms?

Answer 38

Problem with SNS Ptosis (drooping eyelids) Miosis (constructed pupil) Anhydrosis (can't sweat) Erythema (loss of vasoconstriction; flushing)

Question 39

The PNS affects what parts of the body?

Answer 39

Internal organs and glands of head and body cavities Usually doesn't go to body wall or limbs (exception external genitalia)

Question 40

What do the cranial and sacral portions of the PNS go to?

Answer 40

Cranial - major organs and GI down to left colic (splenic flexure) Sacral - distal to splenic flexure