PH Lecture 13 Flashcards
(24 cards)
The too 3 causes of death is the same top 3 for which age group and why?
65+
Mortality data skewed to age group that dies most
Top 3 leading causes of death
Heart disease
Cancer
Stroke (cerebrovascular)
What is the leading cause of death in 45 and younger?
Unintentional injury
Leading cause of death from cancer in males
Lung cancer
Most prevalent cancer in males
Lung cancer
Leading cause of death from cancer in females
Lung cancer
Mos prevalent cancer in females
Breast cancer
Equation for years potential life lost
YPLL=reference age - age of death
Disability adjusted life year (DALY) - 2 components?
Mortality (years of life lost)
Morbidity (years of life with disability)
The disability weight / global burden of disease is based on
Productivity
2 weighing systems for disability
3% discounting (better to live without disability at age 70 than 71)
Non uniform age weighting (best to be at 20, worst at birth and death)
The older you get, do you emphasize death or disability more?
Disability
Leading cause of death in the world
Heart attack
Leading cause of disability (DALY)
Lower respiratory infection
Life expectancy vs GDP
Lower GDP countries increase life expectancy with increasing GDP
Higher GDP countries life expectancy same
What did Emile Durkheim state?
Suicide is individualized and has a social component
What did the Whitehall study find?
Higher class has lower cardiovascular disease / coronary heart disease
There is a societal component to health
How do we represent health disparities?
Gini coefficient
0 = equality 1 = inequality
Who has the highest Gini coefficient among industrialized countries?
US
Life expectancy vs Gini coefficient
Life expectancy goes down as Gini coefficient increases
What 3 things caused changes in population health in the 3 diff eras
Nutrition (most improvement)
Sanitation
Modern medical care (least improvement)
Decreased mortality due to
Nutrition
Living environment
Hygiene (sewage)
Demographic changes (reduced family size)
What 5 diseases did modern medicine improve, and what is the common link among them?
Flu Pneumonia Diphtheria Whooping cough Poliomyelitis * all from vaccines
Health field concept
3 factors (biological, environment, lifestyle) affect health status
Health status and health care services related
Health policy improves access to health care and also improves factors
