First Aid 2014: RR Classic/Relevant Treatments

Question 0

Absence seizures

Answer 0

Ethosuximide

Question 1

Acute gout attack

Answer 1

NSAIDs, colchicine

Question 2

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

Answer 2

All-trans retinoic acid

Question 3

ADHD

Answer 3

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

Question 4

Alcohol withdrawal

Answer 4

Benzodiazepines

Question 5

Alcohol use disorder

Answer 5

AA + disulfiram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient and. Al-Anon for patient’s family

Question 6

Anorexia

Answer 6

Nutrition, psychotherapy

Question 7

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

Answer 7

Heparin

Question 8

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Answer 8

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

Question 9

B₁₂ deficiency

Answer 9

Vitamin B₁₂ supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

Question 10

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 10

Tamsulosin, finasteride

Question 11

Bipolar disorder

Answer 11

Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)

Question 12

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

Answer 12

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

Question 13

Buerger disease

Answer 13

Smoking cessation

Question 14

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 14

SSRIs

Question 15

Candida albicans

Answer 15

Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)

Question 16

Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 16

Octreotide

Question 17

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 17

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

Question 18

Chronic gout

Answer 18

Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer), febuxostat

Question 19

Chronic hepatitis

Answer 19

IFN-α

Question 20

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Answer 20

Imatinib

Question 21

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 21

Antitoxin

Question 22

Clostridium difficile

Answer 22

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

Question 23

Clostridium tetani

Answer 23

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

Question 24

CMV

Answer 24

Ganciclovir

Question 25

Crohn disease

Answer 25

Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine

Question 26

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 26

Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

Question 27

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 27

Mesna

Question 28

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 28

N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/ azithromycin)

Question 29

Depression

Answer 29

SSRIs (first-line)

Question 30

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 30

Desmopressin (DDAVP) (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

Question 31

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Answer 31

Dietary intervention (low-sugar) + insulin replacement

Question 32

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Answer 32

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

Question 33

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 33

Fluids, insulin, K⁺

Question 34

Enterococci

Answer 34

Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside

Question 35

Erectile dysfunction

Answer 35

Sildenafil, vardenafil

Question 36

ER-positive breast cancer

Answer 36

Tamoxifen

Question 37

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Answer 37

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

Question 38

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

Answer 38

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

Question 39

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 39

Buspirone

Question 40

Heparin toxicity (acute)

Answer 40

Protamine sulfate

Question 41

HER2/neu-positive breast cancer

Answer 41

Trastuzumab

Question 42

Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 42

Spironolactone

Question 43

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 43

Statin (first-line)

Question 44

Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 44

Fibrate

Question 45

Immediate anticoagulation

Answer 45

Heparin

Question 46

Infertility

Answer 46

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Question 47

Influenza

Answer 47

Rimantadine, oseltamivir

Question 48

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 48

Erythromycin

Question 49

Long-term anticoagulation

Answer 49

Warfarin

Question 50

Malaria

Answer 50

Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

Question 51

Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 51

Dantrolene

Question 52

Medical abortion

Answer 52

Mifepristone

Question 53

Migraine

Answer 53

Sumatriptan

Question 54

MRSA

Answer 54

Vancomycin

Question 55

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 55

β-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab (α-4 Integrin)

Question 56

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 56

RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

Question 57

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 57

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

Question 58

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 58

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

Question 59

Neural tube defect prevention

Answer 59

Prenatal folic acid

Question 60

Osteomalacia/rickets

Answer 60

Vitamin D supplementation

Question 61

Osteoporosis

Answer 61

Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation

Question 62

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 62

Indomethacin

Question 63

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 63

α-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)

Question 64

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Answer 64

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

Question 65

Prolactinoma

Answer 65

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Question 66

Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids

Answer 66

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Question 67

Prostate carcinoma

Answer 67

Flutamide

Question 68

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 68

Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside

Question 69

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Answer 69

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Question 70

Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 70

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated with aplastic anemia)

Question 71

Ringworm infections

Answer 71

Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole

Question 72

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Answer 72

5-HT2A antagonists (e.g., 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

Question 73

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Answer 73

D2 receptor antagonists (e.g., 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

Question 74

SIADH

Answer 74

Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists

Question 75

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 75

Hydroxyurea (↑ fetal hemoglobin)

Question 76

Sporothrix schenckii

Answer 76

Oral potassium iodide

Question 77

Stable angina

Answer 77

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Question 78

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 78

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin

Question 79

Streptococcus bovis

Answer 79

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

Question 80

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 80

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

Question 81

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 81

Penicillin prophylaxis

Question 82

Temporal arteritis

Answer 82

High-dose steroids

Question 83

Tonic-clonic seizures

Answer 83

Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Question 84

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 84

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Question 85

Treponema pallidum

Answer 85

Penicillin

Question 86

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 86

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

Question 87

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 87

5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy

Question 88

UTI prophylaxis

Answer 88

TMP-SMX

Question 89

Warfarin toxicity

Answer 89

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)

Question 90

*Wegener's granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Answer 90

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids