Histo Male Reproductive

Question 0

Endocrine function of gonads

Answer 0

Produce hormones

Question 1

Exocrine function of gonads

Answer 1

Produce germ cells

Question 2

Function of reproductive ducts

Answer 2

Transport germ cells

Question 3

Male accessory glands

Answer 3

Produce secretions that support and facilitate transpor of germ cells

Question 4

Gonads are from what embryological structure

Answer 4

Urogenital ridge (from yolk sac primordial germ cell)

Question 5

Male reproductive ducts from what embryological structure

Answer 5

Mesonephric ducts / Wolffian ducts

Question 6

Female reproductive ducts from what embryologic structure

Answer 6

Paramesonephric duct / Müllerian duct

Question 7

External genitalia from what embryological structure

Answer 7

Cloacal folds

Genital tubercle

Question 8

What are considered the primitive germ cells

Answer 8

Spermatogonia

Oogonia

Question 9

What happens in the urogenital ridge

Answer 9

Primitive germ cells in yolk sac migrate to there, where they replicate by mitosis and establish stem cells in gonads

Question 10

At what phase do you have both Wolffian and Müllerian ducts

Answer 10

Bipotential period / undifferentiated period

Question 11

Number of chromosomes urging gametogenesis

Answer 11

Before meiosis: 46
After meiosis I: 23
After meiosis II: 23

Question 12

Meiosis I and II also called

Answer 12

Reductional division

Equational division

Question 13

Development stages of spermatogonium

Answer 13

Primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I to become secondary spermatocyte, which undergoes meiosis II to become spermatids and later spermatozoa

Question 14

Testes covered by

Answer 14

Outer mesothelium
CT capsule (tunica albuginea)
Septa (forms divisions)
Mediastinum (posterior thickening)

Question 15

Basic unit of testes

Answer 15

Seminiferous tubules

Question 16

What is in the interstitial of the testes

Answer 16

CT
Myoid cells
Interstitial cells of Leydig

Question 17

Function of interstitial cells of Leydig

Answer 17

Make testosterone

Question 18

What makes up the seminiferous tubules

Answer 18

Germinal epithelium on basal lamina
Spermatogenic cells
Sertoli (support) cells

Question 19

Layers out to in of seminiferous tubules

Answer 19

Interstitial cells of Leydig with capillaries 
Germinal epithelium (with fibroblasts)
Basal lamina
Spermatogonia
Blood-testes barrier
(Sertoli cells all along)
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte 
Spermatids 
Spermatozoa

Question 20

Spermatogenesis also includes end differentiation called

Answer 20

Spermiogenesis

Question 21

What do testes contain at birth

Answer 21

Resting spermatogonia (initial cell with 46 chromosomes)
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells

Question 22

What happens at puberty in males

Answer 22

LH secretion stimulates onset of spermatogenesis

Question 23

First cell that’s committed to undergo meiosis

Answer 23

Primary spermatocytes

Question 24

What is spermiogenesis

Answer 24

Maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa

Question 25

Spermatogenesis (im detail, including types)

Answer 25

``` Type Ad spermatogonia (Can do mitosis or change) Type Ap spermatogonia (can do mitosis or change) Type B spermatogonia Primary spermatocyte (meiosis I) Secondary spermatocyte (meiosis II) ```

Question 26

Sertoli cells are distinctive because

Answer 26

You can see nucleolus | Has a pale nucleus

Question 27

What are the 3 phases of spermiogenesis

Answer 27

Golgi phase Acrosomal phase Maturation phase

Question 28

What occurs in spermiogenesis

Answer 28

Proacrosomal granules in Golgi form acrosomal granules Centrioles migrate to nuc and start making flagella Acrosomal cap around nucleus Nucleus condense and elongate Flagella elongate and surrounded by mito Residual cyto shed Nonmotile spermatozoa released into lumen of seminiferous tubules

Question 29

What does the head of the spermatozoa contain

Answer 29

Nucleus | Acrosome

Question 30

What does the neck of the spermatozoa contain

Answer 30

Centriole

Question 31

What is in the tail of the spermatozoa / what are the 3 parts

Answer 31

All have axoneme (like cilia) Midpiece: mito, outer dense fibers Principal piece: outer dense fibers, circular fibers End piece

Question 32

Where are the immune cells in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 32

Connective tissue / germinal epithelium

Question 33

What are the only things the immune cells recognize as self

Answer 33

Spermatogonia

Question 34

Intercellular junctions of Sertoli cells consist of

Answer 34

Zonila occludens Desmosomes Gap junctions

Question 35

What forms the barrier that separates the germinal epithelium and what are those compartments

Answer 35

Sertoli zonula occludens Basal and adluminal compartment

Question 36

Why do the intercellular junctions sometimes break down

Answer 36

Allow maturing spermatogenic cells to move towards lumen

Question 37

What is spermatuc

Answer 37

Spermatozoa release into lumen

Question 38

What do Sertoli cells secrete

Answer 38

Androgen binding protein (binds T) Inhibin, activin (inhibit and simulate FSH secretion) Müllerian inhibiting factor (only fetal Sertoli cells) Basal lamina constituents

Question 39

What are the 2 things in the interstitium of the testes

Answer 39

Myoid cells | Interstitial cells of Leydig

Question 40

What stimulates development of external genitalia

Answer 40

DHT (from testosterone)

Question 41

When is there T

Answer 41

Fetus 8-18 weeks | Puberty

Question 42

When does spermatogenesis begin

Answer 42

Puberty

Question 43

When does Leydig cell T secretion decline

Answer 43

4 months old

Question 44

What is T needed for

Answer 44

Spermatogenesis | Maintain make ducts and accessory glands

Question 45

What converts T to DHT

Answer 45

5alpha reductase

Question 46

Function of intratesticular ducts

Answer 46

Absorb testicular fluid | Transport sperm

Question 47

What are the 3 intratesticular ducts

Answer 47

``` Tubuli recti / straight tubules (lined with Sertoli cells) Rete testis (simple cuboidal with cilia and Mv) Efferent ducts (pseudo stratified columnar and cuboidal cells with Mv) ```

Question 48

What is the default epithelium for male reproductive

Answer 48

Pseudo stratified columnar

Question 49

Most metabolically active part of epididymis

Answer 49

Head

Question 50

What changes occur in epididymis going proximal to distal

Answer 50

Pseudo stratified columnar decrease in height Smooth muscle thickness increases

Question 51

What is the final site of maturation of sperm

Answer 51

Epididymis

Question 52

What secretes spermatozoa surface proteins

Answer 52

Epididymis

Question 53

Where can spermatozoa be absorbed

Answer 53

Epididymis

Question 54

What is decapacitation

Answer 54

Taking off protein coat so spermatozoa can fertilize

Question 55

When are spermatozoa independently motile

Answer 55

Epididymis

Question 56

Organization of smooth muscle in vas deferens

Answer 56

Longitudinal Circular Longitudinal