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From Flashcardlet > 6.15 bone 2 > Flashcards

6.15 bone 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Increased bone mass but loss of strength in axial and large bones

A

Paget disease

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1
Q

3 phases of paget disease

A

Osteolytic (primarily osteoclasts)
Mixed
Osteosclerotic (primarily osteoblasts)

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2
Q

Possible virus causing paget disease

A

Paramyxovirus

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3
Q

Haphazard, mosaic pattern of lamellar bone

A

Paget disease

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4
Q

Anterior bowing of femur and tibia

A

Paget disease

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5
Q

Paget disease treatment

A

Calcitonin

Bisphosphonates

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6
Q

Worst complication of Paget disease

A

Secondary high grade osteosarcoma

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7
Q

Characterized by increased serum alkaline phosphatase

A

Paget disease

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8
Q

How to diagnose paget disease

A

X ray

Increased serum alkaline phosphatase

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9
Q

Defect in matrix mineralization

A

Rickets (kids)

Osteomalacia (adults)

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10
Q

Cause of rickets and osteomalacia

A

Lack of vitamin D

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11
Q

Bowed legs

A

Paget disease

Rickets

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12
Q

Lateral bowing of legs

A

Rickets

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13
Q

Wide, flared metaphyses (trumpet sign)

A

Rickets

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14
Q

What does PTH do

A

Stimulates osteoclasts, causing excess bone resorption and increased serum calcium

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15
Q

If have increased serum calcium, have

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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16
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroid adenoma or carcinoma

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17
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Chronic hypocalcemia due to renal disease

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18
Q

Diagnose hyperparathyroidism

A

Increase serum calcium and PTH

X ray

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19
Q

Treatment of hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroidectomy

Improve renal function if secondary

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20
Q

Brown tumor caused by

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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21
Q

Anatomic changes of severe hyperparathyroidism

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Von Recklinghausen disease of bone

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22
Q

Skeletal changes associated with chronic renal failure, including osteoporosis and osteomalacia

A

Renal osteodystrophy

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23
Q

Renal failure is associated with

A

Hypocalcemia which promotes PTH secretion
Low vitamin D
Acidosis -> demineralization

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24
Green stick fracture also called an
Incomplete fracture
25
Fracture that has open skin wound
Compound fracture
26
Fracture with splintered bone
Comminuted fracture
27
Fracture where ends of bones aren't aligned
Displace fracture
28
Bone fracture altered by disease process
Pathologic fracture
29
Fracture caused by repetitive loads / accumulation of microfractures
Stress fracture
30
First step of fracture healing
Hematoma and inflammation
31
Fracture healing process
Hematoma and inflammation Fibroblasts and capillaries form fibrous tissue Osteoprogenitors become osteoblasts and chondroblasts 1 week: soft tissue callus Woven bone and cartilage 2-3 weeks: bony callus Weight bearing -> remodeling
32
When center of callus degenerates, forming a false joint
Pseudoarthrosis
33
Osteonecrosis is caused by
Ischemia
34
What part of bone is most affected in osteonecrosis
Trabecular bone (not cortical bone because it has collateral blood circulation)
35
Articular cartilage is supplied by
Synovial fluid
36
Most common part of body affected by osteonecrosis
Head of femur
37
Osteonecrosis most commonly caused by
Fracture | Corticosteroids
38
Symptoms of osteonecrosis mostly in
Subchondral infarcts (adjacent to joint surfaces) because joint surface is deformed
39
X ray of osteonecrosis looks
White
40
Empty bone lacunae and necrosis of bone marrow fat
Osteonecrosis
41
A form of repair in osteonecrosis where new bone is deposited on dead trabeculae
Creeping substitution
42
Inflammation (from infection) of bone and marrow
Osteomyelitis
43
Osteomyelitis most commonly caused by
Pyogenic bacteria | Mycobacteria
44
Organisms reach bone to cause osteomyelitis by
Blood Adjacent soft tissue Direct implantation
45
Most common bac causing osteomyelitis
Staph aureus
46
Genitourinary infections causing osteomyelitis usually which bac
E. coli Klebsiella Pseudomonas
47
IV drug user with osteomyelitis usually what bac
E Coli Klebsiella Pseudomonas
48
Neonates with osteomyelitis usually what bac
H influenza | Group b strep
49
Sickle cell anemia patient with osteomyelitis usually what bac
Salmonella
50
Open fracture or surgery with osteomyelitis usually what bac
Mixed bac
51
Sxs of osteomyelitis
Fever Pain Leukocytosis
52
X ray with lytic focus and zone of sclerosis
Osteomyelitis
53
How to diagnose osteomyelitis
Bone biopsy and culture
54
Treatment of osteomyelitis
Surgical drainage | ATB
55
Complication of acute osteomyelitis in infants
Spread to joint space causing septic arthritis
56
Complication of acute osteomyelitis in adults
Spread through intervertebral discs to adjacent vertebrae
57
Sequestrum (segment of dead bone)
Acute osteomyelitis
58
Involucrum (newly deposited bone that surrounds infected bone)
Chronic osteomyelitis
59
Brodie abscess
Small abscess in bone walled off by reactive bone seen more in kids with chronic osteomyelitis
60
Chronic osteomyelitis
After 1 week | Chronic inflammation stimulates osteoclasts
61
Sxs of TB osteomyelitis
Pain Fever Weight loss
62
Pott disease (spinal involvement)
TB osteomyelitis
63
Skeletal syphilis caused by
Treponema pallidum or pertenue
64
Necrotic bone, granulation tissue with numerous plasma cells
Skeletal syphilis
65
3 types of osteomyelitis
Pyogenic (normal acute and chronic) Tuberculous Syphilitic

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