BRS Path

Question 1

MI - what type of necrosis

Answer 1

coagulative necrosis

Question 2

fatty change of liver due to

Answer 2

accumulation of triglycerides

Question 3

hemochromatosis triad

Answer 3

cirrhosis

diabetes mellitus

skin pigmentation

Question 4

mitochondrial swelling - reversible or irreversible injury

Answer 4

reversible injury

Question 5

pyknosis - reversible or irreversible injury

Answer 5

irreversible injury

Question 6

nutmeg liver caused by

Answer 6

right heart failure

Question 7

fluid with low specific gravity =

Answer 7

transudate (ex: heart failure)

Question 8

what are heart failure cells

Answer 8

intra alveolar hemosiderin laden macrophages

Question 9

thrombosis, spontaneous abortion, positive VDRL, prolonged PTT

Answer 9

anti phospholipid syndrome

Question 10

bone pain and fractures, easy bruising, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia

• dx
• enzyme deficiency

Answer 10

type 1 Gaucher disease

glucocerebrosidase deficiency

Question 11

Gaucher disease

• sxs
• enzyme deficiency
• lab test

Answer 11

bone pain and fractures, 
easy bruising, 
hepatosplenomegaly, 
anemia, and 
thrombocytopenia

glucocerebrosidase

chitotriosidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme, (markers of macrophage proliferation)

Question 12

SLE is what type of hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 12

type 3

Question 13

3 target organs of graft vs host disease

Answer 13

skin (pruritic rash)
liver (incr bilirubin, AST, ALT)
GI (diarrhea, abd pain)

Question 14

failure to thrive, recurrent bac, viral, fungal infxns

Answer 14

SCID

Question 15

what is desmoplasia

Answer 15

non neoplastic fibrous connective tissue within a tumor

Question 16

primary cytokine responsible for cachexia

Answer 16

TNFalpha

Question 17

cytokines involved in wound healing

Answer 17

PDGF

FGF

Question 18

PTrH produced by what lung cancer

Answer 18

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 19

ACTH produced by what lung cancer

Answer 19

small cell lung cancer

Question 20

ADH produced by what lung cancer

Answer 20

small cell lung cancer

Question 21

what is Her2neu

Answer 21

a receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 22

what is Ras

Answer 22

a GTPase

Question 23

what is NF1

Answer 23

a GTPase activating protein (promotes GTPase function of Ras)
suppresses cell growth by stimulating GTP hydrolysis

Question 24

endometrial or ovarian cancers in females of a family
colon cancer too
- dx
- gene mutation
- primary defect

Answer 24

Lynch syndrome / hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2

defect in mismatch repair genes

Question 25

mechanism of cyanide poisoning

Answer 25

inhibits ETC, so inhibit ox phos

Question 26

mechanism of lead poisoning

Answer 26

inhibits hemoglobin synthesis

Question 27

malignant hypertension causes what damage to kidneys

Answer 27

multiple punctate hemorrhages on the surface of both kidneys

Question 28

arrhythmia as complication of MI occurs at what time period

Answer 28

first 24 hours

Question 29

anterior wall, papillary muscle, inter ventricular septum rupture occurs at what time period

Answer 29

3-14 days, most likely 4-7 days

Question 30

first 24 hours after MI, get what complication

Answer 30

arrhythmia

Question 31

3-14 days / 4-7 days after MI get what complication

Answer 31

anterior wall, papillary muscle, inter ventricular septum rupture

Question 32

see neutrophils in HEART what days

Answer 32

1-3 days

Question 33

see macrophages in HEART what days

Answer 33

3-14 days

Question 34

neutrophils and macrophages in wound healing what days

Answer 34

1-3 days

Question 35

1 week after wound healing see

Answer 35

fibroblasts type 3 collagen --> type 1 collagen

Question 36

most common cause of death in acute rheumatic fever

Answer 36

myocarditis

Question 37

nonbacterial endocarditis due to

Answer 37

cancer hyper coagulable state lupus

Question 38

heart defect in tertiary syphilis

Answer 38

destroyed vasa vasorum Aortic valvular insufficiency linear calcification along the ascending aorta (leads to tree barking appearance)

Question 39

cor pulmonale + R heart failure due to

Answer 39

disease originating in lungs

Question 40

what is cor pulmonale | - what frequently causes for pulmonale

Answer 40

right ventricular hypertrophy caused by pulmonary hypertension secondary to disorders of the lungs or pulmonary vessels freq caused by emphysema

Question 41

2 weeks - months after MI, what complications

Answer 41

Dressler syndrome heart failure arrhythmias true ventricular aneurysms mural thrombus

Question 42

Anitschkow cells (caterpillar) are made up of

Answer 42

collagen fibrinoid material

Question 43

nonbacterial endocarditis made up of

Answer 43

fibrin

Question 44

carcinoid syndrome most likely affects which heart valve

Answer 44

tricuspid

Question 45

straw colored, protein rich exudate in pericardium - type of pericarditis - causes

Answer 45

serous pericarditis SLE Rheumatic fever viral infxns

Question 46

fibrin rich exudate in pericardium - type of pericarditis - casues

Answer 46

fibrinous pericarditis uremia MI acute rheumatic fever

Question 47

cloudy inflammatory exudate in pericardium - type of pericarditis - casues

Answer 47

purulent / suppurative pericarditis bacterial infection

Question 48

bloody inflammatory exudate - type of pericarditis - casues

Answer 48

hemorrhagic pericarditis tumor invasion of pericardium TB other bad infxns

Question 49

hypersegmented neutrophil

Answer 49

B12 or folate deficiency

Question 50

megaloblastic anemia + severe malnutrition from

Answer 50

folate deficiency

Question 51

``` familial spherocytes treated w/ splenectomy - dx - see what on blood smear - MCHC - MCV? ```

Answer 51

hereditary spherocytosis Polychromatophilic erythrocytes on peripheral blood smear MCHC increases MCV normal

Question 52

spleen size of child with sickle cell anemia

Answer 52

large (congested)

Question 53

spleen size of adult with sickle cell anemia

Answer 53

small (auto infarction)

Question 54

phenytoin causes a decrease in

Answer 54

folate

Question 55

resistance to malaria in people w/

Answer 55

Duffy antigen (a minor RBC antigen)

Question 56

CLL has incr predisposition to

Answer 56

bacterial infections (due to hypogammaglobulinemia)