Intro Metabolism Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are 3 reduced cofactors?
NADH
FADH2
NADPH
Catabolism requires processes of…
Oxidation
Hydration
What are the catabolism products?
CO2
H2O
NH3
Urea
2 processes that make ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate level phosphorylation
What are reducing equivalents?
H2
Electrons
What are the oxidized forms?
NAD+
FAD
NADP+
ADP + Pi –> ATP is what kind of reaction? (What kind of phosphorytion)
Oxidative phosphorylation
Phosphoenolpyruvate –> ATP is what kind of reaction? (What kind of phosphorylation)
Substrate level phosphorylation
What reduced cofactors are used to make ATP?
NADH
FADH2
What reduced cofactor is used for anabolism?
NADPH
Energy yield is highest from…
Most reduced fuels, fats
Anabolism requires processes of…
Reduction
Dehydration
What does anabolism require other than precursor molecules?
Reducing equivalent (NADPH) or chemical energy (ATP, GTP, etc)
What are the steady state compounds in the cell and what are their ratios?
High NAD+/NADH ratio (100:1)
High NADPH/NAD+ ratio (100:1)
High ATP/(ADP+AMP) ratio
In metabolism, it is important to keep track of…
Carbons
Reducing equivalents
Energy
Which cleavage/hydrolysis reaction of ATP is more favorable?
αβ cleavage (also has extra pyro phosphate reaction)
ΔG equation
ΔG=ΔG0+RTln(P0/R0)
ΔG0 equation
ΔG0=-RTlnKeq
Keq=Peq/Req
How does ΔG0 differ from ΔG?
ΔG0 has reactants and products starting at 1M
How can you make ΔG more negative?
If P0/R0<1
Lower P0 by pulling product away
Increase R0 by preceding with a favorable reaction
When is a reaction at equilibrium? / what value will tell you if a reaction is at equilibrium?
ΔG=0
